Sea level rise is already causing an increase in high tide flood events in the Southeast region and is adding to the impact of more extreme coastal flooding events. Christensen, N. L., 1981: Fire regimes in southeastern ecosystems. Ramps emerge in springtime and provide important nutrients after a long winter with a dearth of fresh vegetables. Urban Climate Change Research Network, Columbia University, New York. Abatzoglou, J. T., and A. P. Williams, 2016: Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests. Kirkman, L. K., R. J. Mitchell, R. C. Helton, and M. B. Many recreational fishery populations in tropical coastal areas are freeze-sensitive138,174,175,176,177,178 and are, therefore, expected to move northward in response to warmer water and air temperatures. Important information about the health, safety and environmental impacts of Avient products. Rural communities do not develop in a vacuum. Over time, the population growth rates of metropolitan counties have increased in comparison with non-metropolitan counties. Some of the major industriies are the Timber Industry, Petrochemical Industry and the Petroleum The Southeasts diverse natural systems, which provide many benefits to society, will be transformed by climate change. Twilley, R. R., S. J. Bentley, Q. Chen, D. A. Edmonds, S. C. Hagen, N. S.-N. Lam, C. S. Willson, K. Xu, D. Braud, R. Hampton Peele, and A. McCall, 2016: Co-evolution of wetland landscapes, flooding, and human settlement in the Mississippi River Delta Plain. Habeeb, D., J. Vargo, and B. WebAs a low-lying coastal plain, major crops include rice, sugar, coffee, cocoa, coconuts, edible oils, fruit, vegetables, and tobacco. McKee, K. L., I. Yates, K. K., D. G. Zawada, N. A. Smiley, and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Global sea level is very likely to rise by 0.30.6 feet by 2030, 0.51.2 feet by 2050, and 1.04.3 feet by 2100 under a range of scenarios from very low (RCP2.6) to high (RCP8.5),51,52,62 which would result in increases in both the depth and frequency of coastal flooding (Figure 19.7).51 Under higher emissions scenarios (RCP8.5), global sea level rise exceeding 8 feet (and even higher in the Southeast) by 2100 cannot be ruled out.51 By 2050, many Southeast cities are projected to experience more than 30 days of high tide flooding regardless of scenario.63 In addition, more extreme coastal flood events are also projected to increase in frequency and duration.60 For example, water levels that currently have a 1% chance of occurring each year (known as a 100-year event) will be more frequent with sea level rise. B. Hollowed, N. Knowlton, J. Polovina, N. N. Rabalais, W. J. Sydeman, and L. D. Talley, 2012: Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Tallahassee, FL. U.S. Can Polyketone (PK) Materials Provide an Alternative to Polyoxymethylene (POM)? coastal plainii 0463v - summit Resilient Vinyl Flooring: Vinyl Plank Figure 3. Gabler, C. A., M. J. Osland, J. Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA), Climate Resilience Pilot Program, Washington, DC, 4 pp. coastal Net Accessories (4) Infrastructure related to drinking water and wastewater treatment also has the potential to be compromised by climate-related events. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division, Austin, TX, 20 pp. Census Bureau, 2017: County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2016. Bentz, B. J., and A. M. Jnsson, 2015: Chapter 13: Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change. Most of the rural population does not depend on natural resources for their livelihoods. With wildfire projected to increase in the Southeast,6,191 prescribed fire (the purposeful ignition of low-intensity fires in a controlled setting), remains the most effective tool for reducing wildfire risk.4,195 Department of Defense (DoD) lands represent the largest reservoirs of biodiversity and native ecosystems in the region.117 Military activities are a frequent source of wildfires, but increases in prescribed fire acres (Figure 19.19) show a corresponding decrease in wildfire ignitions for DoD.4 Climate resilience by DoD is further achieved through restoration of native longleaf pine forests that occupy a wide range of site types, including wetland and well-drained soilsthe latter leading many to characterize this forest as being drought resistant.196,197,198,199 In addition to proactive adaptation through prescribed fire, DoD has been a leader in climate strategies that include regional conservation planning, ecosystem management, endangered species recovery, and research funding. A., L. S. Kutner, and J. S. Adams, Eds., 2000: Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United States. According to the National Weather Service, Hurricane Irma was only the fifth hurricane with winds of 185 mph or higher in the whole of the Atlantic Basin since reliable record keeping began, and it was the strongest observed hurricane in the open Atlantic Ocean.101 For three days, the storm maintained maximum sustained winds of 185 miles per hour, the longest observed duration in the satellite era.101,102 Not only was Irma extremely strong, it was also very large with tropical storm force winds reaching as far away as 400 miles from the hurricanes center and driving hurricane force winds up to 80 miles away.101 Two factors supported Irmas strength: the very warm waters it passed over, which exceeded 86F,102 and the light winds Irma encountered in the upper atmosphere (Figure 19.14).101 High-intensity hurricanes such as Irma are expected to become more common in the future due to climate change.103 Rapid intensification of storms is also more likely as the climate warms,104 even though there is also some historical evidence that the same conditions that lead to this intensification also act to weaken hurricane intensity near the U.S. coast, but it is unclear whether this relationship will continue as the climate warms further (see Kossin et al. The storm tracked up the west coast of Florida, impacting both coasts of the Florida peninsula with 35 feet of inundation from Cape Canaveral north to the FloridaGeorgia border and even further, impacting coastal areas of Georgia and South Carolina with high tides and storm surge that reached 35 feet. By the end of the century, over one-half billion labor hours could be lost from extreme heat-related impacts (likely, medium confidence). Infrastructure, particularly roads, bridges, coastal properties, and urban drainage, is vulnerable to climate change and climate-related events (see Key Message 2) (see also Ch.

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