And there's no one sized fits all. 1- Create a .PEM certifcate from .cer file Create X509Certificate2 from Cert and Key, without making a PFX file. We're actually going to embed some of this code into Octopus vNext to help provide better log errors when we have certificate problems. Just change the extension to .pem. When I debug and look in my X509 I dont see those string of chars anywhere in that object. The Swift-only bindings continues to be the source of trouble. How can I properly set the PrivateKey of the X509Certificate2 based on the private key in the PEM file? Why did DOS-based Windows require HIMEM.SYS to boot? This does precisely what the question asks to avoid. Would you ever say "eat pig" instead of "eat pork"? (And neither CNG/SymCrypto or SChannel do). In the past I have been making secure TcpListener by exporting a PFX certificate with a password, but would like to know if this step could be skipped. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/whats-new/dotnet-core-3-0#cryptographic-key-importexport. To my knowledge, though CryptoKit supports the primitive, SecureTransport and the newer Network framework do not, at least the last time I checked. How to get .pem file from .key and .crt files? Message: A certificate referenced a private key which was already referenced, or could not be loaded. The thing is that on my two servers these files are not named the same thing. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for? I wish I'd known of all these pitfalls when I first started using them in Octopus, and hopefully this post will be useful to you. Can the game be left in an invalid state if all state-based actions are replaced? What is this brick with a round back and a stud on the side used for? You create them like this: Sometimes it's handy to export the X.509 certificate (which is the public stuff) and the private key into a single file. It's the source of a lot of bug reports. As I mentioned, while in .NET you have an X509Certificate2 object containing both a private and public key, the "certificate" is only the public part. My mistake. Valid concern. I dont believe so. In .NET, the X509Certificate2 object has properties for the PublicKey and PrivateKey. Started looking into what would we needed to implement it properly. Sadly that option is not supported on MacOs it seems, This option is not present in .Net Standard, it would seem only .Net Core, Update: You can simply use `((X509KeyStorageFlags)32)` to get around this in .Net Standard. The last 30 chars or so are all the same. on .NET Framework (but not .NET Core) if your private key is RSACryptoServiceProvider or DSACryptoServiceProvider you can use cert.PrivateKey = key, but that has complex side-effects and is discouraged. privacy statement. This can be beneficial to other community members reading this thread. No private key information is ever stored in RawData property. While the Ed25519 and such have existed for a bit of time, RFC 8410 was only published in 2018. The note on X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet is important. Creates a new X509 certificate from the file contents of an RFC 7468 PEM-encoded certificate and private key. The PrivateKey setter was "removed" from .NET Core because it has a lot of side effects on Windows that are hard to replicate on Linux and macOS, particularly if you retrieved the certificate out of an instance of X509Store. If you go the route of loading the key object directly then the way you would mate a private key with the certificate is to use one of the new CopyWithPrivateKey extension methods. Include the following namespace in the Program.cs file.

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